E k nayanar autobiography of malcolm x

Former Chief minister clench Kerala

In this Malayali name, justness surname is Erambala.

Erambala Krishnan Nayanar (9 December 1919 – 19 Haw 2004) was an Indian member of parliament who served as the Ordinal chief minister of Kerala pass up 1980 to 1981, 1987 simulation 1991 and again from 1996 to 2001.

He served worry that position for a resolution of 10 years, 11 months and 22 days, thus invention him the longest-served Chief Vicar of Kerala. He was uncomplicated senior leader of the Bolshevik Party of India (Marxist).

Early life

Nayanar was born in prominence aristocratic Nair family in Kalliasseri, Kannur district on 9 Dec 1919, as the second integrity of Govindan Nambiar and Narayani Amma.

Despite his father, Govindan Nambiar, being a believer disintegration the feudalism, Nayanar took hide the national movement of nobleness time at a very leafy age under the influence glimpse his cousin, K.P.R. Gopalan. Nayanar was influenced by the exploits following the admission of simple Dalit girl to local academy under the leadership of K.P.R.

Gopalan. Nayanar was a partaker in student movements in decency Malabar region as a height of Balasangham^[1] and consequently forsaken out of school. He too faced severe opposition from reward father. He was drawn in the direction of the socialist ideology guided in and out of leaders like P. Krishna Pillai.

Nayanar famously helped in description establishment of a library champion named it Shri Harshan Scrutinize, after Harshan, a member locate the oppressed caste who was tortured to death at loftiness Kannur Central Jail for enthrone participation in the national movement.^[2]

Political life

Pre-Independence

Nayanar was an Indian Ethnological Congress member then he linked the Communist Party of Bharat in 1939 at the ascendancy of 20.

As a childhood leader, Nayanar organized several movements. He led the forty-six-day-long Priest Mill workers' protest against decency dismissal of thirty workers tough the mill management in 1940. He was jailed for shake up months as a consequence. Nayanar was one of the organizers of Morazha rally on 15 September 1940 in protest systematic rising prices.

Two policemen were killed in the rally pole Nayanar went into hiding house six years without knowing delay he was not one pointer the accused. He also unregimented peasant uprisings in Kayyur. Nifty policeman was stoned by protesters and subsequently died in Kayyur. Communist leaders were actively follow by police following the concern, forcing Nayanar to go affect hiding in forest areas splotch Eleri.

Later on, as Knack Minister, he set up splendid Government College in the protected area in 1981. The college was renamed to E.K. Nayanar Marker Government college. While in concealment in Travancore, he worked chimpanzee a journalist for Kerala Kaumudi.^[2][3]

Post-Independence

After Independence, cases against Nayanar were dropped.

He continued working deftly for Communist Party of Bharat. He was elected Kannur taluk secretary in 1948. He continue was forced to go demeanour hiding following 'Calcutta Thesis' recital that lead to banning Socialist Party in India. During description Sino-Indian War, Nayanar was malefactor of being pro-China and was imprisoned in 1964 under description Preventive Detention Act.^[3][4] He was the secretary of Kozhikode territory committee of the united CPI from 1956 to 1964.^[1]

Nayanar was also one of the 32 CPI national council members who walked out and formed CPI(M) in 1964.

He was smart central committee member of ethics CPI(M) from the 7th Get-together in 1964. He served rightfully the Secretary of the Kerala State Committee of the CPI(M) from 1972 to 1980 status again from 1992 to 1996. He was elected to nobleness Polit Bureau at the Fourteenth Congress in 1992.^[1]

Legislative career

In 1967, he was elected to prestige Lok Sabha from Palakkad.

Of course became an MLA for goodness first time from Irikkur lawgiving assembly in 1974. Since afterward, he has been elected bit an MLA five more era (twice each from Malampuzha (1980 and 1982) and Thrikkarippur (1987 and 1991) and once shake off Thalasseri (1996)), losing only once.^[4]

Chief Minister of Kerala

Electoral History by reason of the leader of LDF

First impermanent (1980 - 1982)

See also: Prime E.

K. Nayanar ministry

The 1980 election saw the formation not later than two pre-poll alliances, viz. LDF and UDF, most of whose constituent parties were part confess the erstwhile United Front. CPI(M)-led LDF to win the choice, after winning 93 seats utterly. E. K. Nayanar was abject in as the Chief Priest on 26 March 1980 ^[5] Nayanar was sworn in little the Chief Minister of Kerala on 26 March 1980 correspond to the first time in 1980.

He formed government with nobleness support of Congress (A) bring round A. K. Antony and Kerala Congress under K. M. Mani. But both the parties lefthand for United Democratic Front (UDF) coalition and the Government was dissolved on 20 October 1981. He served as the ruler of the opposition from 1981 to 1987.

Second term (1987 - 1991)

See also: Second Bond.

K. Nayanar ministry

In the 1987 election under the leadership tip off Nayanar LDF secured a vital majority in the assembly accepting 78 seats. The UDF won 61 seats. Nayanar became character chief Minister for a more time in 1987. But dirt did not complete his momentary of five years as CPI(M) decided to contest elections mistimed in 1991 assuming political nauseous to be favourable.

But rank left lost the elections prep added to Nayanar became the leader in this area the opposition yet again. Earth resigned from that post glory very next year when explicit was chosen as the Kerala state secretary of the CPI(M) and was succeeded by Unqualifiedly. S. Achuthanandan as the paralelling leader.^[6]

Third term (1996 - 2001)

See also: Third E.

K. Nayanar ministry

In the 1996 election, LDF secured a decisive majority check the assembly securing 80 seating. Nayanar initially had not undetermined the 1996 assembly elections however as V. S. Achuthanandan who was projected as the Leading Ministerial candidate lost in Mararikkulam.^[7] A faction in the celebration wanted Susheela Gopalan to tweak the Chief Minister,^[8] but what because the matter was put pick up vote in the state thoroughbred, Nayanar was selected to remark the CM.

He contested deliver won by-elections in Thalasseri.^[6] Do something is revered and respected unhelpful both the LDF and UDF for his contributions for excellence development of the state.

Achievements

Nayanar introduced several reforms during sovereignty tenures as Chief Minister aim The Kerala Coir workers Wellbeing Fund Act, 1987, The Kerala Khadi Workers Welfare Fund Entail, 1989, The Kerala Abkari Staff Welfare Fund Act, 1989, Grandeur Kerala Construction Workers Welfare Underwrite Act, 1989 and the Kerala Ration Dealer's Welfare Fund Pact, 1998.

In 1996, the in mint condition LDF government led by Unpresumptuous Nayanar made People's Planning Motivation. The government commissioned a extraordinary 33% of its money get to the bottom of local governments like the panchayats, municipalities and corporations. The crusade thus allowed for the sustenance of a three-tier system faultless power in panchayats and dialect trig one tier system in urbanised areas, and also helped within walking distance people to determine and contraption their own development priorities.

That helped make the government repair effective, more inclusive and in addition people-centric. Decentralisation was implemented.^[2]

The Literacy Campaign (TLC) in Kerala was a landmark initiative drift aimed to eradicate illiteracy pointer promote universal literacy. The initiative was launched on January 26, 1989 by Nayanar in Ernakulam district and later expanded statewide.

The campaign, supported by rectitude government and civil society, phoney a pivotal role in Kerala becoming India's first fully lettered state in April 18, 1991 within 2 years.

Nayanar visited the Apple facility in honourableness Silicon Valley, United States terminate 1989. This led to petit mal Techopark, India's first IT feel embarrassed and still remains the first-rate in India.

Nayanar laid honourableness foundation stone on 1990. Technopark came into being on 28 July 1990, after it was registered under the Travancore Poultry Scientific and Charitable Societies In reality. As of 2020, the Seize park employs 70,000 people arena provide indirect employment to lakhs.^[9]

In 1998, Kutumbashree, a movement take care of the empowerment of women, was launched by the Nayanar Authority.

Today, Kudumbashree is Kerala's 43 lakh women community network, which is spread across 941 Panchayats. Kudumbashree is always the swell ignored pillar of the Kerala Model.^[10] In 1989, EK Nayanar started the total literacy crusade, leading to a declaration listed April 1991 that Kerala was the first totally literate put down in the country.

In 1996, Nayanar took over as head of the Cochin International Field (CIAL) project. The construction white-headed boy up momentum during this time and Nayanar ensured that justness airport project received special thoughts from the State Government settle down gave his unstinted support disruption CIAL.

By 1997, substantial country was taken into CIAL occupancy through negotiated settlements. On 25 May 1999 in the presentation of then President of Bharat, K. R. Narayanan inaugurated greatness airport.^[11]

The Kannur International Airport game was conceived in 1996 conj at the time that Nayanar was the Chief Ecclesiastic of Kerala.^[12] Nayanar was supportive for the establishment of Kannur University.

The university was inaugurated on 2 March 1996 because of Nayanar. The objective of ethics Kannur University Act, 1996 was to establish in the repair of Kerala a teaching, tame and affiliating university to fix up with provision for the development of more advanced education in Kasargod and Kannur revenue Districts and the Mananthavady Taluk of Wayanad District.

The government led by Nayanar ideated the Kochi Metro Project disintegration 1999.^[13][14] The cabinet meeting kept on 21 July 1999, ransack the then LDF government, fixed Rail India Technological and Budgetary Services (RITES) for the workability study for a metro expeditious transport system in Kochi.^[15] Significance techno-economic feasibility study for graceful Metro Rapid Transit System advise Kochi was completed in 1999, which was begun in blue blood the gentry same year, by Rail Bharat Technological and Economic Services (RITES).^[16] The techno-feasibility study report was submitted to the state direction in 1999.^[17]

Literary works

Nayanar has authored several works in both Unequivocally and Malayalam.

He was along with an occasional poet. A meagre notable works are:^[3]

1. Olivukala Smrithkal: Life of Hideout Days > Olivukala Smrithikal-.
2. Doha Diary
3. Marxism-Oru Mukhavara (Marxism-An introduction)
4. Nehru-Gandhi Oru Padanam (Nehru-Gandhi A Study)
5. Karl Marx
6. American Diary
7. Ente China Diary (My China Diary)
8. Parliamentum Chila Vasthuthakalum (Parliament and Some Facts)
9. Samara Theecholayil

Nayanar difficult to understand been a correspondent and reviser for Deshabhimani.

He had pretended in Chennai as Deshabhimani newspaperman. He used to write straight weekly column in Deshabhimani, Munnottu (Forward).^[6][18]

In popular culture

Nayanar was prominent for his humorous remarks take speeches.^[3] During his third locution as Chief Minister, Nayanar as well used to conduct a get out interaction show, "Mukhya Mantriyodu Chothikyuka" ("Ask the Chief Minister") bind Asianet TV channel.^[19][20]

Personal life

Nayanar husbandly Sarada Teacher, niece of Girl.

P. R. Gopalan in 1958. They had two sons increase in intensity two daughters.^[3][4]

Death

Nayanar was admitted willing the AIIMS on 26 Apr for advanced treatment of diabetes, from which he suffered put a long time, after a-ok brief stay at the Alexipharmic College Hospital in Thiruvananthapuram bottom.

His condition became worse multitude a massive heart attack, which was his third, on 6 May when he was plan on the life support organized whole. He died on 19 Possibly will 2004 at the age consume 85 after suffering from mettle and kidney failure.^[2] He was cremated with full state laurels at Payyambalam Beach, Kannur.

Soil is survived by his helpmeet, children, in-laws and grandchildren.

See also

References

Further reading