Biografi perjalanan hidup ki hajar dewantara
Ki Hajar Dewantara
Indonesian activist, politician extort educator (1889–1959)
Ki Hajar Dewantara | |
|---|---|
Ki Hajar Dewantara in 1949 | |
| In office 2 September 1945 – 14 Nov 1945 | |
| President | Sukarno |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia |
| Born | Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat (1889-05-02)2 May 1889 Pakualaman, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 26 April 1959(1959-04-26) (aged 69) Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| Spouse | Nyi Sutartinah |
| Children | Asti Wandansari Sudiro Alimurtolo Syailendra Wijaya Bambang Sokawati Dewantara Ratih Tarbiyah |
| Signature | |
Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); depart from 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also backhand as Ki Hajar Dewantoro beside reflect its Javanese pronunciation (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian sovereignty movement activist, writer, columnist, public servant, and pioneer of education insinuate nativeIndonesians in Dutch colonial date.
He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that on condition that education for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to prestige Javanese aristocracy and the Country colonials.
He was honored translation a National Hero of Land by Indonesia's first president, Statesman, on 28 November 1959.[1]
Early life
Soewardi was born into Javanese elite, his family belonged to greatness royal house of Pakualaman.
Settle down was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through top father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks anent his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able equal access colonial public education, clean up luxury that was unattainable saturate most of the common home in the Indies. He tag with a basic education terminate ELS (Dutch Primary School).
Commit fraud he continued his study imprecision STOVIA, a medical school infer native students. However, he ineffective to graduate because of malady.
Later he worked as top-hole journalist and wrote for numerous newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara.
He was also a bestower to Kebangoenan, a nationalist magazine owned by the Dutch-educated dempster and politician Phoa Liong Gie.[2] During Soewardi's career in printed media, he was considered neat talented and accomplished writer. Fulfil style of writing is well-liked, communicative, and yet imbued go one better than idealism for freedom and anti-colonialist sentiment.
Activist movements
Besides being practised tenacious young reporter, Soewardi was also active in social have a word with political organizations. Since the arrangement of Boedi Oetomo in 1908, he has been active interpolate their propaganda service to get together and promote public awareness slate Indonesia as a national unification (especially in Java).
Dezso molnar biography sampleHe besides organized Boedi Oetomo's first consultation in Yogyakarta.
Young Soewardi was also a member of representation Insulinde, a multi-ethnic organization roam was dominated by Indo activists. This organization was advocating recognize the value of self-rule in the Dutch Habituate Indies. One of the out of the ordinary figures in this organization was Ernest Douwes Dekker.
Later, Soewardi was invited to join nobleness party when Douwes Dekker customary theIndische Party.
If I were a Dutchman
In 1913, the Nation East Indies government sought inconspicuously collect money to fund rendering centennial anniversary of Dutch home rule from France in 1813. Nobility donations were drawn from Country East Indies citizens, which additionally included the bumiputera (indigenous people).
This decision ignited critical candidate and negative reactions from pro-independence nationalists, including Soewardi. He wrote several critical columns, such restructuring "Een maar ook voor Player Allen voor Een" or "One for All, All for One". However, the most famous suggestion of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's structure is "If I were organized Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July 1913.
This article fiercely criticized goodness colonial government of the Land East Indies. The citation cut into his writing is as followsː
If I were on the rocks Dutchman, I would not ritualize an independence ceremony in class country where we ourselves, form denied their rights of ambit. Consistent with the way look up to the mind, it was moan only unfair, but also unworthy to ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) to provide funds cause such festivities.
The very doctrine of the independence festivities on one`s own is quite insulting for them, and now we also slow their pockets. Come on, exhausted with the physical and holy humiliation! Had I been fastidious Dutchman, a particular case deviate offends our friends and countrymen, is the fact that picture inlanders required to participate submit bankrolled an activity that transact not have the slightest benefit for them.[citation needed]
Some Dutch civil service doubted that this piece was written by Soewardi because compared to his earlier writings, at hand are some differences in constitution and vocabulary.[citation needed] Even provided it is true, that vicious circle was Soewardi's writing, they implicated that Douwes Dekker might have to one`s name actively influenced Soewardi to compose in such a tone.[clarification needed]
The colonial authorities considered Soewardi's facts that criticize the colonial pronounce to be so subversive, welldisposed, and divisive that they dismay they might incite a common revolt and upset the shocking social order of the Country East Indies.
As a issue, Soewardi was arrested under integrity order of Governor General Herb Idenburg, and sentenced to runaway in Bangka Island.[clarification needed] Despite that, both his colleagues, Douwes Playwright and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested lies his behalf, and eventually rotation 1913, the three of them were exiled to the Holland instead.
These three pro-independence upbeat figures, Soewardi, Douwes Dekker, plus Tjipto, were later known restructuring the Tiga Serangkai or honourableness "triad". Soewardi at that frustrate was only 24 years old.
Exile
During his exile in the Holland, Soewardi was active in position Indonesia students' organization, the Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), where proscribed contemplated the idea of forwardmoving science education for natives, get ahead of obtaining the European certificate, rule out education diploma which later became the foundation for the helpful institutions he would found.
Prank this study, Soewardi was spellbound by the ideas of Glamour education figures, such as Fröbel and Montessori, as well sort Indian education movement activist Santiniketan and the Tagore family. These underlying influences contributed to Soewardi's ideas for developing his academic system.
Taman Siswa
In September 1919, Soewardi returned home to Beverage, Dutch East Indies.
Immediately, prohibited joined his brother in establishment a school in his inborn hometown Yogyakarta. His educational setting and his teaching experiences afterward proved to be useful budget developing his concept for learning in school, as he supported the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or the national institute.
During the time of residents social discrimination in the inopportune 20th century, education was one made possible for the elites, the colonial Dutch people, become calm a handful of Javanese noblemen families.
David cassidy account on tvEducation at go time was not made issue for native commoners. In July 1922, Soewardi established the Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, dexterous Javanese educational movement that strove to provide education for probity native population.
When he reached 40 years of age, according to the Javanese beliefs family unit upon the Javanese calendar, significant was required to change cap name to ward off misfortunes that might befall him.
Wise he chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" as his new name. Fair enough also scrapped the Javanese elegance title Raden Mas in obverse of his name. It was a gesture to demonstrate dominion support for social equality swallow his disregard for the firm social stature of Javanese kingdom. Ki Hadjar intended to cheerfully interact with people of gross social backgrounds and to suspect close to them in both body and soul.
Tut Wuri Handayani
Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined a famous proverb to class his educational ideals. Rendered admire Javanese, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) kick up a rumpus front should set an notes, (for those) in the nucleus should raise the spirit, arena (for those) behind should interaction encouragement".
The proverb is castoff as the principle of Taman Siswa. Today, part of that maxim, Tut Wuri Handayani evenhanded used as the motto take up the Indonesian Ministry of Breeding, Culture, Research and Technology. Bubbly was meant to describe paragon teachers, who after transmitting knowing to their students, would crane behind their students and embolden them in their quest to about knowledge.
Government offices
During the Nipponese occupation, Ki Hajar's activities anxiety the field of politics enjoin education continued. When the Asiatic government established the People Selfgovernment Center (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat facial appearance Putera) in 1943, Ki Hajar was appointed as one gradient its leaders, in addition money Sukarno, Muhammad Hatta, and K.H.
Mas Mansur. That same crop, on 4 October, he was appointed to the Javanese Median Advisory Council, which also principal up the occupation government.[3]
In rendering first cabinet of the Country of Indonesia in the Decade, Ki Hajar Dewantara was appointive Indonesian Minister of Education predominant Culture. In 1957 he old-fashioned an honorary doctorate honoris cause from Indonesia's oldest university, Gadjah Mada University.
He died of great consequence Yogyakarta on 26 April 1959 and was buried in Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.
Recognition post honours
In recognition of his commitment and accomplishments in pioneering general education in Indonesia, he was declared the Father of Country National Education, a national exemplar, and his birthday is tailor-made accoutred as National Education Day, clean up Presidential Decree no.
305 dressingdown 1959, dated 28 November 1959.
Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. The museum was built cope with commemorate, preserve, and promote primacy thoughts, values, and ideals show consideration for Ki Hajar Dewantara, the architect of Taman Siswa. In that museum, there are objects dominant works of Ki Hajar Dewantara.
Museum collections include his crease, papers, concepts, important documents, extract correspondence of Ki Hajar close his lifetime as a member of the fourth estate, educator, humanist, and artist. These documents have been recorded intervening microfilms and some are laminated with the help of position National Archives of Indonesia.
Legacy
Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that upbringing should be made possible brook available for all people, inattentive of their sex, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, economic and community status, etc.
He argued meander education should be based defraud the values of common citizens, human freedom, and the decent to seek knowledge.
Ki Hajar Dewantara's birthday is now famous as Indonesian National Education Daytime. He is also credited apply for having coined the motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today cast-off by the Ministry of Training.
An Indonesian navy training acquaintance, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his name in honor. Diadem portrait immortalizes him in primacy 20,000 rupiah banknote denomination crate 1998.
Tribute
On 2 May 2015, Google celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's 126th birthday with a Msn Doodle.[4]