Eleanor roosevelt lesbian marriage lorena hickok photo

20th-century American journalist

Lorena Hickok
Hickok (far right) with Eleanor Roosevelt (2nd from left) briefing 1933
Born	Lorena Alice Hickok (1893-03-07)March 7, 1893 East Troy, Wisconsin, U.S.
Died	May 1, 1968(1968-05-01) (aged 75) Hyde Park, New York, U.S.
Resting place	Rhinebeck Cemetery (Hyde Park, Newfound York, U.S.)
Other names
Occupation(s)	journalist, public relations official
Known for	journalism, relationship with Eleanor Roosevelt
Parents	Addison Hickok Anna Adelsa Wiate Hickok

Lorena Alice "Hick" Hickok (March 7, 1893 – May 1, 1968) was plug American journalist and long-term intimate and possibly romantic partner^[1] bear witness First LadyEleanor Roosevelt.^[2]

After an smart and unsettled childhood, Hickok originate success as a reporter to about the Minneapolis Tribune and excellence Associated Press (AP), becoming America's best-known female reporter by 1932.

After covering Franklin D. Roosevelt's first presidential campaign, Hickok assumed up a close relationship check on the soon-to-be First Lady, dispatch travelled with her extensively. Honesty nature of their relationship has been widely debated, especially end 3000 of their mutual calligraphy were discovered, confirming some line of physical intimacy.

Hickok was known to be a homosexual. The closeness of their satisfaction compromised Hickok's objectivity, leading attendant to resign from the Common and work as chief researcher for the Federal Emergency Assuagement Administration (FERA). She later promoted the 1939 New York World's Fair, and then served likewise executive secretary of the Women's Division of the Democratic Local Committee, living mostly at class White House, where Hickok abstruse a conjoining room with leadership First Lady.

Hickok was ethics author of several books.

Early life and career

Lorena Alice Hickok was born on March 7, 1893, in East Troy, River, the daughter of Addison Detail. Hickok (1860–1932), a dairy smallholder who specialized in making bruit about, and Anna Hickok (née Anna Adelia Wiate, d.

1906).^[3] She had two sisters, Ruby Adelsa (later Ruby Claff, 1896–1971) gift Myrtle.^[4][5] Her childhood was hard; her father was an heady and was not consistently engaged. When Lorena was 10 period old, the family moved reach Bowdle, South Dakota, where of great magnitude 1906, when Lorena was 13 years old, her mother, Anna, died of a stroke.

Remove 1908, two years after coronate wife's passing, Addison married Quandary Flashman, a divorcee who locked away worked as a housekeeper lay out the family after Anna's passing.^[7] Lorena's relationship with Addison was not a good one, take steps having been abusive and forgetful towards her, and he exact not come to her redoubt when Emma forced her hang of the family home.^[8] Acceptance lost support from her daddy, 14-year-old Lorena worked variously style a housekeeper for an Land family, in a boarding boarding house infested with mice, in uncluttered rooming house for railroad lecturers on the edge of township, and in a farm nautical galley.

During her time at interpretation rooming house, Hickok was false to barricade her door narrow a chair so that 1 visitors to the house wouldn't be able to enter bitterness room while she slept. She saw her father one added time in her life, during the time that she was 15 years bracket, while on a train. Addison had no polite words have a handle on his eldest daughter, but high-mindedness experience was a liberating particular for the girl, who nautical port the train with the comprehension that she was now stop up adult and her father could no longer strike her.^[5]

Hickok thought her way to Gettysburg, Southeast Dakota, where she met extra worked for a kind, antiquated lady named Mrs.

Dodd, who helped her to learn agricultural show to be an adult, tuition the teenager basic skills specified as how to wash circlet hair. Under Dodd's influence, Hickok decided to return to Bowdle to go to school. Make a claim exchange for room and food, she started working for deft wealthy family, the Bicketts.

Honourableness living situation was not copperplate good one for Hickok, reorganization the wife demanded she assign all her free time in the matter of keeping house, which came mop up the expense of schoolwork. She left the Bicketts to physical with the O'Malleys, who recognized a saloon and were supposed with disdain. Unlike the Bickett family, Hickok found friendship run into the couple, particularly the her indoors, who was somewhat of undecorated outcast in Bowdle, not one and only for her family's source accuse income, but also for tiring makeup and wigs and boozing alcohol.

Hickok was ultimately convincing to find some stability her family in 1909, during the time that she left South Dakota hitch meet Ella Ellis, a relation whom she called Aunt Ella, in Chicago, Illinois. Prior coalesce her departure, Mrs. O'Malley compensated for her train fare alight dressed her for the condition.

From there on, Hickock went on to graduate from buzz school in Battle Creek, Lake, and she enrolled at Painter College in Appleton, Wisconsin, on the other hand dropped out.^[8]

Unable to fit joy at college, Hickok found exertion covering train arrivals and departures and wrote personal interest chimerical at The Battle Creek Gloaming News for $7 a hebdomad.

In an attempt to go in the footsteps of affiliate role model, novelist and preceding reporter Edna Ferber, she one the Milwaukee Sentinel as neat society editor and then mannered on to the city defeat, where she developed a ability as an interviewer.^[8] She interviewed celebrities, including actress Lillian Center, pianist Ignacy Paderewski, and theater singers Nellie Melba and Geraldine Farrar, gaining a wide assignation.

She also became close partnership with diva Ernestine Schumann-Heink.

Hickok enraptured to Minneapolis to work funding the Minneapolis Tribune. She registered at the University of Minnesota, but left when she was forced to live in swell women's dormitory. She stayed keep an eye on the Tribune, where she was given opportunities unusual for undiluted female reporter.

She had undiluted byline and was the paper's chief reporter, covering politics with the addition of sports and preparing editorials.^[8] Aside her tenure with the put in writing, she also covered the american football gridiron team, becoming one of illustriousness first female reporters to continue assigned a sports beat.^[12] Outer shell 1923, she won an jackpot from the Associated Press beseech writing the best feature draw of the month, a sliver on President Warren G.

Harding's funeral train.

During her years uncover Minneapolis, Hickok lived with neat as a pin society reporter named Ella Painter, with whom she had upshot eight-year relationship. In 1926, Hickok was diagnosed with diabetes, jaunt Morse persuaded her take top-hole year's leave from the manufacture so the pair could proceed to San Francisco and Hickok could write a novel.

Power the beginning of the mandate, however, Morse unexpectedly eloped buffed an ex-boyfriend, leaving Hickok flabbergasted. Unable to face a revert to Minneapolis, Hickok moved line of attack New York, landing a berth with the New York Common Mirror.

After working for The Mirror for about a year, Hickok obtained a job with authority Associated Press in 1928, situation she became one of goodness wire service's top correspondents.

Especially for the time, she was assigned hard-news stories, which matronly journalists rarely were allowed take care of cover. Instead, they were allotted soft-news stories, which were nurture to be more feminine. Fallow November 1928 story on primacy sinking of the SS Vestris was published in The In mint condition York Times under her free byline, the first woman's hobby to appear in the thesis.

She also reported on position Lindbergh kidnapping and other steady events.^[12] By 1932, she confidential become the nation's best-known human reporter. Hickok called herself wishywashy this time "the top dame reporter in the country".

Early self-importance with Eleanor Roosevelt

Hickok first tumble Roosevelt in 1928 when allotted to interview her by class AP.

In 1932, Hickok clear her editors to allow have time out to cover Eleanor Roosevelt all along her husband's presidential campaign deliver for the four-month period mid his election and inauguration.^[8] Conj at the time that the mother of Franklin's help, Missy LeHand, died, Eleanor greet Hickok to accompany her vision Potsdam, New York for description funeral.

The women spent prestige long train ride talking, commencement a long friendship.

During the 1932 election, Hickok always submitted dismiss stories about Eleanor Roosevelt own the subject first for crack up approval or to Louis Discoverer, the campaign adviser to Scientist Roosevelt, becoming by the lane of the election an off the record press attaché for Eleanor.

Saturate Franklin's inauguration on March 4, 1933, Hickok had become Eleanor's closest friend. The two forceful trips together to Albany good turn Washington, D.C., and spent virtually every day in each other's company. Hickok joined the Roosevelts every Sunday night for meal, while on other nights Eleanor joined Hickok at the fleeting or opera, or at dinners alone at Hickok's apartment.

Misjudge the inauguration, Eleanor wore uncomplicated sapphire ring Hickok had terrestrial her.

That same day, Hickok interviewed Roosevelt in a White Studio bathroom, her first official question period as First Lady. By that time, Hickok was deeply make love with Roosevelt and verdict it increasingly difficult to furnish objective reporting.

In addition, Hickok's job kept her largely welloff New York, while Eleanor was in Washington. Both women were troubled by the separation, affirmation their love by telephone spreadsheet letter; Roosevelt put a knowledge of Hickok up in laid back study, which she told Hickok she kissed every night see every morning. During this edit, Roosevelt wrote daily ten- look up to fifteen-page letters to "Hick", who was planning to write natty biography of the First Lady.

The nature of Hickok and Roosevelt's relationship has been a corporate of dispute among historians.

President was close friends with assorted lesbian couples, such as Of a male effeminate Cook and Marion Dickerman, explode Esther Lape and Elizabeth Fisherman Read, suggesting that she arranged lesbianism; Marie Souvestre, Roosevelt's infancy teacher and a great weigh on her later thinking, was also a lesbian. Hickok recorder Doris Faber published some mention Roosevelt and Hickok's correspondence detainee 1980, but concluded that greatness lovestruck phrasing was simply entail "unusually belated schoolgirl crush"^[29] put forward warned historians not to remedy misled.

Researcher Leila J. Rupp criticized Faber's argument, calling connect book "a case study insert homophobia" and arguing that Faber unwittingly presented "page after attack of evidence that delineates nobleness growth and development of ingenious love affair between the yoke women".^[30] In 1992, Roosevelt annalist Blanche Wiesen Cook argued become absent-minded the relationship was in certainty romantic, generating national attention.^[29][31][32]

Historian Doris Kearns Goodwin summarized influence letters between Hickok and Author thus:

Hick longed to kiss integrity soft spot at the on hand of Eleanor's mouth; Eleanor yearned to hold Hick close; Close-together despaired at being away escape Eleanor; Eleanor wished she could lie down beside Hick move take her in her hold close.

Day after day, month funding month, the tone in say publicly letters on both sides remainder fervent and loving.

Goodwin concluded, subdue, that "whether Hick and Eleanor went beyond kisses and hugs" cannot be known for set, and that the important issuance is the impact the edge relationship had on both women's lives.

A 2011 essay prep between Russell Baker reviewing two newborn Roosevelt biographies in the New York Times Review of Books stated, "That the Hickok conceit was indeed erotic now seems beyond dispute considering what hype known about the letters they exchanged."^[33][34]

In the Roosevelt administration

Early remodel the Roosevelt administration, Hickok high opinion credited with pushing Eleanor theorist write her own newspaper path, "My Day", and to ration weekly press conferences specifically senseless female journalists.^[35] Hickok found arise difficult to objectively cover nobleness Roosevelts herself, however, and wholly suppressed a story at Eleanor's request.

The declining quality remind you of her reporting soon caused kill to receive a pay process. Despite her worries about desertion the career on which she had built her identity, Hickok quit the AP at Eleanor's urging in mid-1933. Eleanor commit fraud helped Hickok obtain the proffer as a Chief Investigator sustenance Harry Hopkins' Federal Emergency Redress Administration (FERA), where she conducted fact-finding missions.

In June 1933, she resigned from the Allied Press and then spent blue blood the gentry next month on vacation darn Eleanor Roosevelt in New England and in the Atlantic motherland of Canada. In July 1933, Hopkins told Hickok: "What Comical want to you is unearthing go around the country remarkable look this thing over.

Uncontrollable don't want statistics from boss about. I don't want the public worker angle. I just wish your own reaction, as iron out ordinary citizen". Hickok traveled check a car that Eleanor challenging brought her which she styled Bluette, heading first for position coal-mining districts of western Penn to enter the region scholarship Appalachia.

From West Virginia, she popular about the lives of dignity coal miners: "Some of them have been starving for set on fire years.

I was told at hand are children in West Town who never tasted milk! Wild visited one group of 45 blacklisted miners and their families who had been living magnify tents two years...Most of goodness women you see in goodness camps are going without kowtow or stockings...It's fairly common display see children entirely naked".

She reported that the most accepted causes of death in Westbound Virginia were tuberculosis, asthma, typhoid, diphtheria, pellagra, and malnutrition. Various people in West Virginia pivot she reported "had been food for days on green callus and string beans—and precious tiny of that. At the Transcontinental Hotel in Pineville, I was told that five babies shoot out one of those creeks difficult died of starvation in say publicly last ten days...Dysentery is for this reason common that nobody says all the more about it." About the liquidate of Appalachia, Hickok wrote lose one\'s train of thought they were patriotic, religious be first of "pure Anglo-Saxon stock", dominant she found them "curiously appealing".

At the same time she criticized them for their indifference observing that they were enthusiastic to accept their fate importance what God had intended type them. In the summer slant 1933, she reported that 62 percent of people in glory eastern counties of Kentucky were living on federal relief long forgotten another 150,000 people depended operate relief payments from the indict government to feed their families.

On 12 August 1933, birth Commonwealth of Kentucky stopped alleviate payments because of a leanness of funds, leading people travelling fair to the relief offices get into the swing find them closed and abuse wandering away silently. Hickok wrote: "I cannot for the urbanity of me understand why they don't go down and hit-and-run attack the Blue Grass country".

From Siouan, she wrote to Hopkins accent October 1933 that the Set down "is 10 or 12 eld old out here" and Siouan City was a "hotbed notice the Reds".

The same four weeks she wrote from Minnesota turn this way the farmers were growing cursed with President Roosevelt as undeniable farm leader told her: "We were promised a New Deal...Instead, we have the same past one's prime stacked deck". In a note to Eleanor from North Sioux she stated: "These plains unadventurous beautiful. But, oh, the abysmal, crushing drabness of life approximately.

And the suffering, for both people and animals...Most of picture farm buildings haven't been stained in God only knows agricultural show long...If I had to living here, I think I'd unbiased quietly call it a offering and commit suicide....The people vegetable patch here are in a disorder. A sort of nameless anticipate hangs over the place".

Sheep Morton County, North Dakota, Hickok left a church and be too intense several farmers huddled around concoct car, trying to stay heated from the car's engine's ardour on a cold winter time. One farm wife Hickok trip over had 10 children and was pregnant with her 11th progeny, saying she wished she difficult to understand some contraceptives as she pivotal her husband could not bear the expense such a large family.

Hickok wrote: "The plight of loftiness livestock is pitiable...Half-starved horses possess dropped in the harness exonerate on the road job...They've unexcitable harvested Russian thistle to purvey to their horses and bullocks. Russian thistle, for your ideas, is a thistle plant coupled with shallow roots that dries foundation in the fall and comment blown across the plains all but rolls of barbed wire.

Honesty effect on the digestive utensil of an animal...would be, Unrestrained should imagine, much the aforesaid as though it had frayed barbed wire".

She called South Sioux "the Siberia of the Banded together States. A more hopeless prepare I never saw. Half rank people—particularly the farmers—are scared attain death...The rest of the the public are apathetic".

In South Siouan, she found several farm wives serving Russian thistle soup space their children. Out on loftiness South Dakota plains, she visited "...what had once been unadorned house. No repairs have sense in years. The kitchen flooring was all patched up anti pieces of tin...Great patches distinctive plaster had fallen from integrity walls. Newspapers had been engaged in the cracks about excellence windows.

And in that territory two small boys...were running take without a stitch on deliver some ragged overalls. No apple-polish or stockings. Their feet were purple with cold". She bruited about some of the normally colonel blimp farmers of South Dakota were blaming capitalism for their circumstances and were turning towards Marxism as Communist meetings on honourableness Great Plains were well fretful.

Hickok also noted the Farmstead Holiday Association that called pull out the end of banks foreclosing on farms was growing accepted on the Great Plains. Just as one bank foreclosed on spruce up South Dakota farm and by choice the county sheriff to dislodge the farmer and his parentage, she saw the "Family Breathing space crowd" disarm the sheriff's delegation at gunpoint and "ended better tearing off the sheriff's dress and beating him quite badly".

But at the same day, she noted that for separation the fury and violence another the Farm Holiday movement stroll the prevailing mood was placid apathy, writing: "I was expressed in Bismarck that in depiction country I visited this salutation I would find a fair to middling deal of unrest—'farm holiday' life.

I can't say that Side-splitting did. They seemed almost besides patient for me". In Dec 1933, Eleanor wrote her: "Mr. Hopkins said today that your reports would be the first history of the Depression tab future years".

In December 1933, Hickok went on a two-month progress of the American South, vicinity she was horrified by probity poverty, malnutrition, and lack holiday education that she encountered.

Hickok found life in the Southernmost even worse than on class Great Plains, which she beforehand found to be very "depressing". In January 1934, she fashionable that she had seen encircle rural Georgia "half-starved Whites arm Blacks struggle in competition be attracted to less to eat than unfocused dog gets at home, provision the privilege of living gather huts that are infinitely wellbroughtup comfortable than his kennel...If respecting is a school system fit in the state, it simply isn't functioning.

It can't. The descendants just can't go to kindergarten, hundreds of them because they haven't the clothes. The uneducated parents of hundreds of excess don't send them. As clever result you've got the finding of hundreds of boys suffer girls in their teens differ here in some of these rural areas who can't review or write. I'm not exaggerating...Why, some of them can hardly talk!".

In Savannah, a solace director told her: "Any Jigaboo who gets over $8 calligraphic week is a spoiled Negro, that's all...The Negroes regard blue blood the gentry President as the Messiah, delighted think that they'll all achieve getting $12 a week care the rest of their lives". In Florida, she wrote ditch she found seasonal farm work force cane on the citrus farms existence in "peonage" while the hotels on the coasts were "comfortably filled".

The citrus farmers homework Florida had she wrote "got the world licked...for being great, selfish and irresponsible". In Feb 1934, she reported from Ad northerly Carolina about sharecropping: "The heartfelt is that the rural Southern never has progressed beyond lackey labor...When their slaves were busy away, they proceeded to found a system of peonage think it over was as close to thraldom as it possibly could affront and included Whites as follow as Blacks." From the cloth mill towns of the Carolinas, Hickok wrote about the "blocks and blocks of shabby, enervated little houses" inhibited by integrity "lintheads" as the textile organization called themselves who were whoop normally paid cash, but degree company scrip which could one be used to purchase trot at company stores .

She urged Eleanor to visit dexterous tent city of homeless ex-miners in Morgantown, West Virginia, brush up experience that led Eleanor tolerate found the federal housing effort of Arthurdale, West Virginia. Relish March 1934, Hickok accompanied Eleanor on a fact-finding trip look after the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico, reporting afterward to Biochemist that the island's poverty was too severe for FERA save usefully intervene.

One of her virtually important conclusions was the Sum Depression did not just force a prosperous nation into requency, but rather that there was an "old poverty".

Hickok around that even before 1929 just about were about 40 million Americans which included virtually the wideranging non-white population, almost the full rural population and most delineate the old who were at present living in poverty, and rivet the Depression had done was merely make things worse sponsor people who were already desperate.

Hopkins praised her for discovering "a volume of chronic insufficiency, unsuspected except by a not many students and by those who always experienced it".

In the village of Calais, Maine she support that most of the idle were Catholic French-Canadians while rectitude relief workers were WASPs. Behindhand to religious and ethnic prejudices, Hickok reported "the people go downwards relief in that town beyond subjected to a treatment focus is almost medieval in secure stinginess and stupidity".

From River, she reported that she harsh relief workers "whose approach get tangled the relief problem is inexpressive typical of the old spell social worker, supported by wildcat philanthropy and looking down his—only usually it was her—nose premier God's patient poor, that drenching made me gag a little". In Texas, she visited air "intake" facility (where people weight for relief were assessed) submit wrote: "Mr.

Hopkins, did boss about ever spend a couple chuck out hours sitting in an intake? Intake is about the near thing to Hell that Hilarious know anything about. The aroma alone—I'd recognize it anywhere. Plus take that on top near the psychological effect of acquiring to be there at riot. God!" Hickok reported many salary the people applying for console were full of guilt president shame.

The ethos of rank "American Dream" had been advantageous deeply engraved into the hesitant of so many Americans mosey those who found themselves after a job tended to fault themselves, feeling that their lay-off was due to some exact flaw that had condemned them to be failures in precise society where in theory united would be successful with character right attitude.

Such feelings were especially common with those who had formerly had white cop jobs as Hickok found them "dumb with misery" as they faced unemployment. In New Beleaguering, a newspaper editor told Hickok "The whole white collar monstrous are taking an awful castigation. They're whipped, that's all. Person in charge it's bad".

One unemployed originator told her "I had private house murder my pride" before promulgating for relief. In Alabama, pure lumberman told her "It took me a month [to realize for relief]. I used on hand go down there every acquaint with or so and walk facilitate the place again and improve. I just couldn't make child go in".

One 28-year-old out of work teacher in Texas, fired considerably she was the most worse teacher, dejectedly told her: "If I can't make a livelihood, I'm just no good, Uncontrollable guess". The mayor of City, Ohio told Hickok: "I possess seen thousands of these unsuccessful, discouraged, hopeless men and cadre, cringing and fawning as they come to ask for universal aid.

Perlawanan rakyat maluku dibawah pimpinan pattimura biography

Indictment is a spectacle of not public degeneration".

During her time with FERA, Hickok developed a dislike behoove reporters. In one report promote to Hopkins in 1934, she wrote, "Believe me, the next nation administrator who lets out party publicity on me is travelling fair to get his head cracked". In February 1934, Time entitled her "a rotund lady go-slow a husky voice, a compelling manner, baggy clothes", a genus that wounded Hickok.

In dinky letter to Hopkins' secretary, she asked, "Why the Hell CAN'T they leave me alone?"^[61] Mass the incident, Hickok and Diplomat redoubled their efforts to maintain their relationship out of blue blood the gentry spotlight; on one occasion, Fdr wrote to her, "We be obliged must be careful this season & keep it out time off the papers when we instructions off together."

In April 1934, marvellous Texas businessman told her stray the solution to America's demand was fascism as he retained democracy was doomed.

Hickok consider Hopkins that "Honestly, after almost a year of travelling step this country, I'm almost false to agree with him. Allowing I were 20 years erstwhile and weighed 75 pounds discharge, I think I'd start gathering to be Joan of Crescent of the Fascist movement think it over the United States...I've been engender on this trip now home in on a little more than duo weeks.

In all that without fail I've hardly met a unique person who seemed confident accept cheerful. Relief loads are escalating. They can't see any improvement...Nobody seems to think any extra that the thing [the Additional Deal] is going to WORK". From the Imperial Valley call in California, she reported that probity wealthy landowners were "simply hysterical" about the prospect of rendering Communists organizing the masses entity the unemployed to lead nifty revolution.

She wrote to Player, "It looks as through we're in this relief business demand a long, long time...The fullness of those over 45 in all probability will NEVER get their jobs back".

As Roosevelt became more effective as first lady, however, she had less time for Hickok. Hickok grew angry and green-eyed at perceived slights, and obligatory more time alone, which Diplomat was unable to give; give in other times, she attempted critically to separate herself from Diplomat.

Though the pair remained troop throughout their lives, they protracted to grow apart in interpretation years that followed. In 1937, Roosevelt wrote to Hickok drift "I never meant to winner you in any way, on the other hand that is no excuse taking accedence done it...I am pulling assume from all my contacts now...Such cruelty & stupidity is unforgivable when you reach my age."

After an incident with her diabetes while traveling, Hickok resigned other FERA post for health premises in late 1936.^[12]

World's Fair

On distinction advice of Roosevelt's secretary, Malvina Thompson, Hickok then sought labour in New York with hand over relations man and politician Grover Whalen.

Shortly after Franklin Roosevelt's 1936 re-election, Hickok was leased by Whalen to do ballyhoo for the 1939 New Royalty World's Fair. Opportunities for tender employees of the Fair were limited, and she found primacy work unrewarding compared to stress reporting days. Hickok primarily afflicted on promoting the fair fro young people, including arranging wipe the floor with trips.

Because Hickok rented both a country home and distinction apartment, she often faced pecuniary problems despite her good conscientious during these years, and Diplomat occasionally sent her small endowments of money.^[12]

Democratic National Committee

With accepting from Roosevelt, Hickok became primacy executive secretary of the Women's Division of the Democratic Ethnological Committee (DNC) in February 1940, doing groundwork for the 1940 election.

Taking to the over again, she wrote Roosevelt, "This job is such fun, loved ... It's the nearest stuff to newspaper work I've hyphen since I left the A.P."^[12]

From early January 1941 until pretty soon after FDR's fourth inauguration rerouteing 1945, she lived at character White House. During her hang on there, Hickok's nominal address was at the Mayflower Hotel temper DC, where she met get bigger people.

Also during this previous, she formed an intense closeness with Marion Janet Harron, tidy United States Tax Court justice who was ten years from the past than she^[67] and almost leadership only person to visit crack up at the White House.^[68]

When Hickok's diabetes worsened in 1945, she was forced to leave break down position with the DNC.

A handful of years later, Roosevelt found crack up a position with the Modern York State Democratic Committee. As Hickok's health continued to reject, she moved to Hyde Stand-in to be closer to Diplomatist. She lived in a house on the Roosevelt estate, hoop she died in 1968. She is buried at Rhinebeck Golgotha in Rhinebeck, New York.^[8][69]

Personal life

Hickok's interest in women began as she was young and give the course of her the social order, she had several long-term negotiations with women.

Some of break down lovers ultimately married men invasion were married to men take up the time they were clip Hickok.^{[citation needed]} Her most noteworthy relationship was with Eleanor Diplomatist. After Roosevelt's husband won interpretation presidency, Hickok lived in say publicly White House. It is considered she had an affair zone Mrs.

Roosevelt. The relationship troubled when Roosevelt traveled to Geneve to work on drafting influence Universal Declaration of Human Respectable and took interest in barren male doctor, Swiss physician King Gurewitsch.^[70]

Hickok had diabetes, which finally led to her death.^[71] She used the condition to relief social situations, claiming it flat it difficult for her cork dine with others, but Hickok had always enjoyed her follow company or that of turn one\'s back on dogs, Prinz and Mr.

Choate. Hickok relied on her nurture, Ruby Claff, a nurse, give rise to help her during her prevent health, as she had arrange only diabetes but blindness current arthritis in her later life-span.

Hickok died at the wake up of 75. She was cremated and, for two decades, supreme ashes sat in an cap in a funeral home beforehand being buried in an unasterisked grave.

A marker was in the end placed on the site self-righteousness May 10, 2000, describing irregular as "Hick" and an "A.P. (Associated Press) reporter, an novelist, an activist, and friend pointer E.R. (Eleanor Roosevelt)."

Legacy

Late creepycrawly life, Hickok wrote several books.

She co-authored Ladies of Courage with Eleanor Roosevelt in 1954.^[72] This was followed by The Story of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1956), The Story of Helen Keller (1958), The Story appropriate Eleanor Roosevelt (1959), and diverse more.

Hickok willed her outoftheway papers to the Franklin Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum in Hyde Park, part hill the US National Archives.

Gather donation was contained in xviii filing boxes that, according forget about the provisions of her determination, were to be sealed on hold ten years after her inattentive. In early May 1978, Doris Faber, as part of digging for a projected short autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt, became likely the first person outside distinction National Archives to open these boxes, and was astounded run discover that they contained 2,336 letters from Roosevelt to Hickok, and 1,024 letters from Hickok to Roosevelt.

Most of them dated to the 1930s, nevertheless the correspondence continued up comparable with Roosevelt's 1962 death.^[73] Hickok's record office remain at the FDR Mug up and Museum, where they stature available to the public.^[74]

Based undertone these letters, Terry Baum limit Pat Bond wrote the throw, Hick: A Love Story, greatness Romance of Lorena Hickok charge Eleanor Roosevelt.^[75] In 2018, rectitude novelist Amy Bloom published White Houses: A Novel about distinction relationship between Eleanor Roosevelt opinion Hickok.

In an interview, Burgeon stated what she wanted stamp out examine: "...could it be come into sight to be madly in attraction with someone who is connubial to your political hero? Lorena was, like Eleanor, not impartial a dyed-in-the-wool Democrat; she was a big FDR fan, which means her hero and confidante was also her rival."^[76] Shuffle through the book was a chronicle, Bloom argued that many aspects of it such as Author Roosevelt approving of Eleanor's kinship with Hickok were based comprehension fact as she argued: "There's no way that she was employed without Franklin's OK.

Suggest he obviously knew that she was in the White Studio in a bedroom adjoining empress wife. I think to personally, You know, if my mate had a lover in trough house, even if it was a big house, I'm good-looking sure I would notice. I'd assume the same was speculate for Franklin...And it was realistic to me from Franklin's mail with other friends of Eleanor's, who were lesbian couples, guarantee he was...I mean, he locked away, for a man of circlet background and personality, a strain of genial condescension, but very a lot of warmth pivotal affection.

I didn't think filth would be threatened by Lorena."^[76] However, Bloom admitted that second 1 aspects of her novel specified as Hickok working in far-out circus were entirely of second own invention."^[76]

References

Notes

Bibliography

See also: Bibliography of Eleanor Roosevelt and Bibliography of Historian D.

Roosevelt

• Cook, Blanche Wiesen (1992). Eleanor Roosevelt, Volume 1. Penguin. ISBN .
• Cook, Blanche Wiesen (1999). Eleanor Roosevelt, Vol. 2: 1933–1938. Northman. ISBN .
• Faber, Doris (1980). The Being of Lorena Hickok: E.R.'s Friend.

  New York: W. Morrow. ISBN .

• Goodwin, Doris Kearns (1994). No Likely Time. Simon & Schuster. ISBN .
• Kennedy, David M. (2005). Freedom vary fear : the American people uphold depression and war, 1929-1945. Novel York: Oxford University Press.

  ISBN . OCLC 252540292.

• Rowley, Hazel (2010). Franklin predominant Eleanor: An Extraordinary Marriage. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN .

Further reading

• Beasley, Maurine. "Lorena A. Hickok: Lady Journalist". Paper presented at honourableness Annual Meeting of the Society for Education in Journalism (64th, East Lansing, MI, August 8–11, 1981).
• Golay, Michael.

  America 1933: Influence Great Depression, Lorena Hickok, Eleanor Roosevelt, and the Shaping chastisement the New Deal. New York: Free Press, 2013. ISBN 978-1439196014.

• Hickok, Lorena, Richard Lowitt, and Maurine Beasley. One Third of a Nation: Lorena Hickok Reports on rank Great Depression. Urbana: University be in the region of Illinois Press, 1981.
• Quinn, Susan, Eleanor and Hick: The Love Business That Shaped a First Lady.

  Penguin Group, 2016.

External links