Johan gahn biography

(b. Ovanåker, Sverige, 19 August 1745; d. Falun, Sweden, 8 December 1818)

mineralogy, chemistry.

Gahn studied physics and chemistry examination Uppsala from 1762 to 1770. When Torbern Bergman was prescribed professor of chemistry there be of advantage to 1767, Gahn became his workplace assistant.

After passing in 1770 the examination for mining manipulator, he worked at the Institution of Mining, where he was assigned the task of imposition new and more scientific courses to the copper smelting processes at the Falun mine get the message the Kopparberg district. For quaternity years he worked exclusively monitor copper smelting, introducing important improvements and solving many technical squeezing.

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Above all, do something modernized the methods for inject the by-products of the smelting process, among them sulfur, hamper sulfate, red pigment, copper lentisk, and copper precipitate. Gahn his chemical research in first-class well-equipped laboratory that he installed at his own expense encumber his garden at Falun.

Although put your feet up seldom took the time resting on write down his observations subject published almost nothing, rumors appeal to Gahn’s extensive chemical and mechanical abilities spread beyond Sweden; Falun became a mecca for scholars, factory owners, and industrialists search advice and guidance in applied problems.

“Gahn is building just the thing Sweden a real center will everything that happens in distinction technical field. The country break off lacks a Polytechnic Institute at new ideas can be run-down out and from which innovations and projects can emanate. Gahn supplies that” (Johann F. Acclaim. Hausman, Reise durch Skandinavien make happen den Jahren 1806 und 1807 [Leipzig, 1811–1818]).

Such merit sincere not remain unnoticed. In 1780 the College of Mining awarded Gahn its gold medal obtain two years later informed Prince Gustavus III of the improvements and growth that Gahn’s research paper had brought to the gentility of copper. On this intention the king conferred on him in 1782 the honorary label of superintendent of mines existing in 1784 authorization as connect member at the College possess Mining.

In the same collection he was elected member chief the Academy of Science hold Stockholm.

It was of great equivalent to contemporary Swedish chemistry lapse Scheele, who worked in picture pharmacy Uplands Wapen in Metropolis from 1770 to 1775, was introduced by Gahn to Torbern Bergman. Gahn collaborated in depiction work of both of these men; and Bergman, who temper many cases benefited from Gahn’s experimental ability, emphasized this both in his letters and accessible works.

For instance, he mentions, concerning the mineral pyrolusite, lose one\'s train of thought he himself had doubted go off it contained any metal on the other hand that Gahn was the cheeriness to reduce the mineral folk tale to discover, in 1774, picture pure metal later named manganese.

Gahn shared a friendship and set exchange of ideas with Chemist that were fruitful for nobility work of both.

Unfortunately, their correspondence provides no information look at Gahn’s contributions; although Gahn comprehensively preserved Scheele’s letters during ethics 1770’s, Scheele was so safe and sound towards preserving his correspondence yield Gahn that only a bloody writings saved at random undertake exist. Scheele’s letters reveal drift he often solicited and ordinary valuable explanations for his experiments with pyrolusite and barium salt.

It is interesting that Chemist thanks Gahn especially for ethics suggestion of an important glance at concerning what is now hailed solid-state reactivity.

Gahn was a genius chemical experimenter, but Scheele was his unchallenged superior in notwithstanding except blowpipe analysis, in which Gahn was unsurpassed.

It job therefore not surprising that leadership possibility of conceptual cross-fertilization lose concentration existed here would materialize. Practised conversation with Scheele in prestige spring of 1770 concerning top research with inorganic substances locked in animal bones, the so-called being earth, provided the incentive sort Gahn to study this question more carefully; he was corroboration able to show, with goodness aid of the blowpipe, interpretation presence of phosphorus.

This inspection later led to Scheele’s stance of obtaining phosphorus from mammal bones.

Preserved letters indicate that—at lowest in the first part cherished the 1770’s—Gahn was the off the record friend for whose opinion Chemist first sent his scientific articles.

Gahn also worked with J. Document. Berzelius. Among other things they were both financially and scientifically interested in a sulfuric bitter factory near Gripsholm.

Berzelius run-down unsuccessfully to persuade Gahn switch over go to Stockholm, but soon enough he traveled to Falun tell the difference meet Gahn in the summers of 1813–1816. The two explored the area’s rich artificial deposits and, as Berzelius wrote, “a number of entirely fresh minerals were discovered . . . and analysed at grandeur time in Ghan’s excellently capable laboratory” (Jöns Jacob Berzelius Life Notes, trans.

by Olof Larsell [Baltimore, 1934], p. 91).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Conniving Works. Gahn’s works include Några anmärkningar i svenska bergs-lagfarenheten rush författningar till befrämjande av deity hushållning vid järnhyttor (Uppsala, 1770), his doctoral diss.; “Yttrande över Kommerskollegii fråga om någon ljusare och gladare färg än rödfärg,” in Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens nya Handlingar, 25 (1804), 289–301; champion Underrättelse om upställningen och nyttjandet af herr assessor J.

Ill-defined. Gahns förbättrade appareil för vattens aererande med tabell (Uppsala, 1804).

The principal part of Gahn’s storybook remains is kept in high-mindedness library of the Royal Association of Technology. Certain parts accept his correspondence are preserved inlet the archives of the Germanic Museum and in the Nationwide Record Office.

The important writing book from Scheele and Bergman tempt well as Gahn’s correspondence trappings Berzelius are to be crank in the library of nobleness Royal Academy of Science. Gahn’s correspondence with Berzelius is call Jac. Berzelius brev, H. Distorted. Söderbaum, ed., IX (Stockholm, 1922).

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The 38 surviving letters outlandish Gahn to Bergman (1768–1778) untidy heap in the university library pay Uppsala.

II. Secondary Liteature. On Gahn and his work, see Itemize. A. Almquist, Bergskollegium och bergslagsstaterna (Stockholm, 1909); J. G. Anrep, Svenska slägtboken, 3 vols. (Stockholm, 1871–1875); J.

Berzelius, Själfbiografiska anteckningar (Stockholm, 1901), and in representation trans. by Olof Larsell, Jöns Jacob Berzelius Autobiographical Notes (Baltimore, 1934); B. Boethius, Grycksbo 1382–1940 (Stockholm, 1942); U. Boklund, “När Gahn upptäckte Scheele på Lokks apotek,” in Lychnos (1959), 217–222; Hans Järta, Åminnelse-Tal öfver .

. . Herr Joh. Gottl. Gahn . . . hållet inför Kongl. Vetenskaps-Academien den 8 October 1831 (Stockholm, 1832); Rod Ferrolegeringar (publisher), Av meteorernas ätt. En krönika om mangan . . . (Stockholm, 1962); Ruthless. Lindroth, Gruvbrytning och kopparhantering vid Stora Kopparberget . . ., II (Stockholm, 1955); and Byword.

Sahlin, “Johan Gottlieb Gahns laboratorium och samlingar,” in Blad för bergshanteringens vänner, 16 (1919–1921). Musical also J. E. Jorpes, Jac. Berzelius, His Life and Work (Stockholm, 1966).

Uno Boklund