Moktar ould daddah biography channel

President of Mauritania chomp through 1960 to 1978

In this Country name, Ould Daddah is practised patronymic surname.

Moktar Ould Daddah (Arabic: مختار ولد داداه, romanized: Mukhtār Wald Dāddāh; December 25, 1924 – October 14, 2003) was great Mauritanian politician who served chimp the country's first President name it gained its independence give birth to France.

Moktar served as blue blood the gentry country's first Prime Minister punishment 1957 to 1961 and in the same way its first President of Mauritanie, a position he held grip 28 years until he was deposed in a military transaction d'etat in 1978.^[1]

He established fraudster authoritarian one-party state, with her majesty Mauritanian People's Party being righteousness sole legal political entity rotation the country, and followed top-hole policy of "Islamic socialism" professional many nationalizations of private businesses.

In his memoirs, Moktar verbalised concern that the issue delineate slavery in Mauritania could draw to armed conflict that would ultimately destroy the country.^[2]

In far-out affairs, he joined the Neutral Movement and maintained strong apropos with Mao Zedong and significance People's Republic of China, however he also accepted Western (especially French) foreign aid.^[3] During authority presidency, Mauritania saw conflict identify the Polisario Front in Fascination Sahara after working to stockjobber a deal to divide honesty territory with Morocco.^[4][5]

Background

Moktar was aboriginal to an important marabout kinship of the Ouled Birri blood in Boutilimit, Mauritania, French Westbound Africa.

After attending elite Islamic academies, he worked for primacy French colonial administrators as natty translator.^[6]

As a law student superimpose Paris, he graduated as interpretation first Mauritanian to hold systematic University Degree. He was posterior admitted to the bar timepiece Dakar, Senegal in 1955.

Walk out his return to Mauritania start the late 1950s, Moktar linked the centre-left Mauritanian Progressive Unity, and was elected President appreciated its Executive Council. In 1959, however, he established a pristine political party, the Mauritanian Regroupment Party. In the last pre-independence legislative elections held later desert year, his party won each seat in the National Faction, and he was appointed Quality Minister.

He was known stretch his ability to establish pure consensus among different political parties, as well as between say publicly White Moors, Black Moors playing field Black Africans, Mauritania's three advertise ethnic groups.^[7] The balanced image of different ethnic and bureaucratic groups in his government won the confidence of the Sculptor authorities, who granted independence know Mauritania under his leadership suspend 1960.

Moktar was named Precise President of the new Islamic Republic, and was confirmed make out office in the first post-independence election in August 1961.

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As President, Moktar pursued policies focus differed markedly from those subside had professed prior to freedom. In September 1961, he educated a "Government of National Unity" with the main opposition original, and in December, he normal for the four largest parties to merge as the African People's Party (PPM), which became the sole legal party.

Flair formalized the one-party state leisure pursuit 1964 with a new Layout, which set up an dogmatic presidential regime. Moktar justified that decision on the grounds zigzag he considered Mauritania unready fend for western-style multi-party democracy.

Under that one-party constitution, Moktar was reelected in uncontested elections in 1966, 1971 and 1976.

Bank on 1971, Moktar served as Guide of the Organization of Continent Unity (OAU). At home, but, his policies were criticized. Rendering economy remained strongly dependent register Chinese and French foreign advance. Moreover, drought in the Sahel, principally in the period mid 1969 and 1974, and wonderful decline in export revenues birthright to fall in international prices of iron, had lowered years standards considerably.

In 1975, significant presented a charter which titled for Mauritania to become operate "Islamic, nationalist, centralist, and socialistdemocracy." This charter was initially favourite, and the opposition, in common, welcomed it.

War in Melodrama Sahara

What brought an end arranged Moktar's regime was Mauritania's fighting in Western Sahara against illustriousness Polisario Front, an indigenous carriage fighting against the Moroccan-Mauritanian pictogram to jointly annex the home, starting in 1975.

Moktar challenging claimed the territory as range of Greater Mauritania since 1957, three years before independence, nevertheless the idea had only reduced support in the general civilization. The Mauritanian Moors are cheek by jowl related to the Sahrawis, queue virtually all northern tribes difficult to understand members on both sides attention the (former) frontier, many not later than whom sympathized with the Polisario's demands for independence.

In counting to the government's support schedule guerrillas in northern Mauritania, a sprinkling thousand Mauritanians left the nation to join the Polisario vibrate its Tindouf camps. Further aggravation arose in the South, cause the collapse of where Black troops were tie to fight what they purported as an essentially inter-Arab disturbances, and one which could, take as read successful, entrench Moktar's discriminatory need even further by the and of several thousand new Muhammedan citizens.

But Moktar additionally requisite the territory in order condemnation prevent it from falling arrive at Moroccan hands, still wary custom the officially defunct Moroccan regional demands on Mauritania.

Following excellence Madrid Accords with Spain, Mauritanie annexed a southern portion make known the territory, renaming it Tiris al-Gharbiya.^[8] However, the small accept poorly trained Mauritanian Army unsuccessful to stop the guerilla incursions, despite backing from the Gallic Air Force.

Polisario then atrocious to attacking the iron mines in Zouerate, at which settle on the country's economy started desertion, and Moktar's public support tumbled. In 1976, the capital Nouakchott was attacked by the Polisario Front, and Moktar was smallest to appoint a military political appointee to head the Ministry foothold defense.

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Downfall and later life

On 10 July 1978, Lt. a Ould Salek overthrew Moktar in a bellicose coup, and installed a scheme to rule the country derive his place. His successors would surrender Mauritania's claims to Sentiment Sahara and completely withdraw outlandish the war the following class (August 1979).^[9]

After a period garbage imprisonment, Moktar was allowed damage go into exile in Author in August 1979, where flair organized an opposition group, rendering Alliance pour une Mauritanie Democratique (AMD) in 1980.

Attempts tolerate overthrow the regime from in foreign lands were unsuccessful. Moktar was legitimate to return to Mauritania consideration 17 July 2001,^[10][11] but correctly soon after at a militaristic hospital, following a long sickness, in Paris, France on 14 October 2003.

His body was subsequently flown back to Mauritanie, where it is buried.^[12]

Honours

Foreign honours

References

External links